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readjustment of the districts for the collection of customs
The growth of the shipbuilding industry necessitated a
readjustment of the districts for the collection of customs.
Columbia (Cincinnati) at first served the region of the upper
Ohio; but in 1803 the district was divided and Marietta was made
the port for the Pittsburgh-Portsmouth section of the river. In
1807 all the western districts were amalgamated, and Pittsburgh,
Charleston (Wellsburg), Marietta, Cincinnati, Louisville, and
Fort Massac were made ports of entry.

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passes that pierced the mountain chains, and the headwaters of
navigable rivers
In their wanderings, man and beast alike sought the heights, the
passes that pierced the mountain chains, and the headwaters of
navigable rivers. On the ridges the forest growth was lightest
and there was little obstruction from fallen timber; rain and
frost caused least damage by erosion; and the winds swept the
trails clear of leaves in summer and of snow in winter. Here lay
the easiest paths for the heavy, blundering buffalo and the
roving elk and moose and deer. Here, high up in the sun, where
the outlook was unobstructed and signal fires could be seen from
every direction, on the longest watersheds, curving around river
and swamp, ran the earliest travel routes of the aboriginal
inhabitants and of their successors, the red men of historic
times. For their encampments and towns these peoples seem to have
preferred the more sheltered ground along the smaller streams;
but, when they fared abroad to hunt, to trade, to wage war, to
seek new, material for pipe and amulet, they followed in the main
the highest ways.

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ended it concerns us here chiefly as a commercial struggle
The long story of French and English rivalry and of the war which
ended it concerns us here chiefly as a commercial struggle. The
French at Niagara (1749) had access to the Ohio by way of Lake
Erie and any one of several rivers–the Allegheny, the Muskingum,
the Scioto, or the Miami. The main routes of the English were the
Nemacolin and Kittanning paths. The French, laboring under the
disadvantages of the longer distance over which their goods had
to be transported to the Indians and of the higher price
necessarily demanded for them, had to meet the competition of the
traders from the rival colonies of Pennsylvania and Virginia,
each of them jealous of and underbidding the other.

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